The Legacy Of The Scientific Revolution Philosophy Essay

The Legacy Of The Scientific Revolution Philosophy Essay There were such huge numbers of thoughts that such huge numbers of capable people joined to make a development that cleared over the world from Europe right to America all through the sixteenth and seventeenth hundreds of years. Numerous researchers of this time were attempting to accomplish their concept of having a world without a social request, a more significant level of class, and no organized pitilessness. This period got known as The Scientific Revolution. Researchers were opening new entryways and making surprising disclosures in innovation, science, medication, cosmology. It was during this time researchers were inspecting old and new speculations from past societies and ages. The researchers of this time went past basic perception. They needed to know nature and the universes most profound insider facts and so as to do that, they needed to test. Trials in this time were indispensable to science with the goal that they could clarify why nature and the world as we probably a m aware it does what it does. Not all were even right but rather regardless they were investigating new thoughts and facing challenges which thusly gave us probably the most significant laws and speculations that have changed the world we live in and keep on changing the world right up 'til the present time. These researchers have gotten celebrated for their disclosures and for giving humankind various thoughts and information that in some sense have got world evolving. I will go into profundity about the researchers of this time and how their thoughts made the heritage that is known as The Scientific Revolution. Conscientious perceptions and a readiness to address acknowledged convictions I feel would depict Nicolaus Copernicus. He was a clean minister and a stargazer who for a long time contemplated planetary developments and made his own hypotheses on how the stars, earth, and different planets spun around the sun. His hypothesis was known as the heliocentric or sun-focused hypothesis and was really genuine for him considering it tested the strict view at that point. Thought he was not the principal who presented this hypothesis, he had the option to work out this hypothesis in full scientific detail. Copernicus had incorporated material science with the requests of space science and was the main individual in history to accomplish finishing a total and general nearby planetary group joining material science, arithmetic, and cosmology. In doing this, he inspired different researchers to endeavor to great and his thoughts cleared streets and ways to new progressively expand thoughts. Copern icus had never distributed his discoveries and hypotheses in light of how it tested the churchs thoughts on the area of earth in the sky. It wasnt until directly before his demise, his disciple persuaded him to distribute what was approached the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres. This distribution was portrayed as a transformation making instead of a progressive content (Kagan, Ozmet, Turner 408). Copernicus hypotheses and thoughts set the model and began the start of an upset of thoughts and speculations that we despite everything convey with us today. Copernicus work enlivened another researcher to keep looking into new thoughts. Tycho Brache and his right hand Johannes Kepler kept on promoting research and impeccable Copernicus thoughts. Kepler accepted that specific numerical laws advance planetary movement. One of his laws indicated that the planets spun around the sun in curved circles rather than circles. Keplers laws demonstrated that Copernicus was onto something with his thoughts. Once Brache passed, Kepler proceeded to his work to demonstrate that we lived in a sun-focused universe. He at that point made another model that would surrender Copernicus round segments and rather he would receive another hypothesis. This model was the first cosmically that really indicated movement toward the path the planets were moving. They werent round like past speculations, his thoughts made them circular. This logical law that every planet circle is an overshadowing with the sun has had an enormous effect on todays aviation program the world over. Today Keplers law is utilized on completely unmanned airplane from the Sputnik (our first fake satellite) to COMSAT, INTELSAT, NAVASTAR. After Keplers opportunity arrived Galileo Galilei during the 1600s. He was completely splendid and earned himself numerous monikers like legend of current science, father of present day science, father of present day cosmology, or father of present day arithmetic. Galileos hypotheses depended on genuine experimentation not philosophical beliefs. One of his first trials where with a pendulum. He saw that when its swinging it steadily eases back down. Each time it swings, it covers less region yet consistently sets aside a similar measure of effort for each swing. He reasoned this would be a decent planning instrument for a clock or even to tally people groups pulses. Galileo demonstrated Aristotles hypothesis that questions that are heavier fall quicker off-base. He moved to the highest point of a tall structure and dropped cannonballs of every unique load from it just to test Aristotles hypothesis. He found that the hypothesis was inaccurate and that the balls all hit the ground at e xactly the same time regardless of what their weight was. In doing this examination he had the option to find solutions quicker than he would have on the off chance that he had quite recently watched arbitrary items falling in regular daily existence. Galileo was generally known for his upgrades of the telescope and the revelations he made when seeing the planets (1609). He saw the stars, mountains on the moon, imperfections on the sun, and even had the option to see the moons circling around jupiter. It was then he understood that what he was seeing was much more than anybody had ever clarified or seen. It was another of Aristotles speculations that the moons and stars were smooth and great yet what Galileo seen was conflicting. He seen they were exceptionally lopsided and unpleasant. He distributed these perceptions and speculations in a progression of bulletins to impart to the general population. They were called Starry Messenger (1610) and Letters on Sunspots (1613). Galileo up held the thoughts and speculations of Copernicus. Despite the fact that at this point he was viewed as a wonder of science the Catholic Church had a major issue with him backing Copernicuss speculations. They had cautioned him however he chose to quietly proceed with his examinations. Until 1632 when he distributes his book, Dialogs concerning the Two Great World Systems that it unmistakably shows that he in fact upheld the hypotheses he denied. He lived on house till his passing in 1642, yet his books thoughts despite everything spread all through the world. There were still inquiries that seventeenth century researchers couldnt make sense of about the planets and how they moved about as they did. Isaac Newton addressed these by uniting the entirety of their thoughts, hypotheses, and forward leaps and put them all into one hypothesis of movement. Keplers thoughts were about how the planets circled around the sun, Galileo has examined the movement of pendulums, so Newtons hypothesis was that this equivalent single power controlled all the movements and matter on Earth and in space. In finding this, another hypothesis of Aristotles was refuted, however his thoughts were never awful as in they made different researchers think and further their examinations. Which is actually what occurred here. This revelation of Newtons got known as The Law of Universal Gravitation. It implied that everything on the planet was pulled in to each other item. The quality of the fascination relies upon how huge something is or how close. This entire hypothesis clarifies a ton about how the planets circle around the sun. Newton proceeded to distribute Principia de Mathematica. It is said that this book was the best works throughout the entire existence of science (qtd. in Isaac Newton and the Scientific Revolution 2012). In this book he discusses his laws of movement and his hypothesis of gravity. Newton has truly assisted life today with his laws of movement. He gave the world a numerical clarification of gravity, he encouraged us how powers and movement all relate, and he skilled the world with laws of movement that we generally use today. Have you at any point been on a plane? Have you at any point viewed a spaceship shoot off into space? These things happening correspond with Newtons laws of movement. His hypotheses have become such a significant staple even in our regular lifes. I think Newtons thoughts and hypotheses are what speak to the most significant level of accomplishments of the Scientific Revolution. He is a precise case of why this timespan has such a heritage and significance. These researchers all contributed astounding thoughts and speculations. They utilized every others thoughts as learning establishments for their own thoughts and have given the world probably the most valuable logical laws and information. These men all together built up a cutting edge way to deal with science utilizing coherent system for social affair and testing thoughts. This got known as the Scientific Method. The strategy begins by having an inquiry or issue that you would get by having a perception. At that point the researcher would frame a theory (starting thought), and afterward they would test this in a trial. In the last piece of the procedure, the researchers would investigate and decipher their outcomes to arrive at a last resolution. This is the point at which you can either say if the speculation is correct or wrong. This strategy is utilized all around the globe. From grade school science class right to school science courses. Alongside the researchers of this time, there were likewise gifted logicians during this time giving thoughts and testing the occasions. Francis Bacon had an exceptionally solid enthusiasm for science. He figured researchers would produce information that would improve people groups lives on the off chance that they had a more prominent comprehension of our reality. He generally pushed researchers to test and take on the planet, assemble data, and afterward they could make perceptions and determinations pretty much all the data they found. This strategy is called observation. It has become something that is currently utilized all through the world by researchers. Renee Descartes was a thinker who depended on arithmetic and rationale. He wasnt large on utilizing

How to Control Tent Caterpillars

Step by step instructions to Control Tent Caterpillars Eastern tent caterpillars, Malacosoma americanum, assemble unattractive silk tents in cherry, apple, and other scene trees during late-winter. The caterpillars feed on leaves of these host trees and may cause noteworthy defoliation if present in huge numbers. They can likewise be a disturbance as they will in general meander when theyre prepared to pupate, making themselves at home on houses and decks. Ensure Youve Really Got Tent Caterpillars To begin with, be certain what you have are eastern tent caterpillarsâ and not another comparable bug. Eastern tent caterpillars show up in late-winter and assemble their tents in the groins of tree limbs. As their name recommends, fall webworms additionally manufacture tents yet theirs are situated at the parts of the bargains, an envelope around the foliage. A few people befuddle eastern tent caterpillars with wanderer moth hatchlings yet tramp moths don't develop tents and they normally seem somewhat later in spring than tent caterpillars. Counteraction and Manual Controls for Tent Caterpillars On the off chance that you have a couple of caterpillar tents in an apple or cherry tree, dont alarm. Eastern tent caterpillars seldom swarm elaborate trees in enormous enough numbers to murder scene plants. Since they show up in late-winter and complete their life cycle by summer, the greater part of your host trees will have the opportunity to deliver more leaves after starting defoliation. Bug control may not be vital by any stretch of the imagination, in any case, if the pervasion is overpowering or you simply cant stand seeing caterpillar tents in your trees-there are a few things you can do to deflect the attack. To forestall tent caterpillars, as well as can be expected be a decent offense. In the harvest time, after the leaves have fallen, scout the parts of host trees for egg masses. Prune out any you find, or scratch them from the branches and wreck them. In the event that you do end up confronting an intrusion, realizing your foe can be simply the most ideal approach to free of them. Tent caterpillars rest inside their tents after they feed so you can really expel them physically. At the point when you notice an enormous gathering of caterpillars in the tent, utilize a stick or gloved hands to pull the tent from the branches, caterpillars what not. For a huge tent, have a go at winding the silk around a stick as you pull it from the tree. To dispense with the caterpillars, just squash them or drop them in a container of sudsy water. Previously, individuals frequently put a match to caterpillar tents. Nonetheless, since the training accomplishes more mischief to the tree than the caterpillars do, it isn't suggested. Natural and Chemical Controls for Tent Caterpillars Youthful hatchlings might be treated with Bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaki, or Bt, which is applied to the foliage of pervaded trees. Bt is a normally happening type of microorganisms that meddles with the caterpillars capacity to process food. After the caterpillars ingest Bt, they quit eating quickly amazing a couple of days. You don't have to shower the tents or the caterpillars. Late-stage caterpillars, particularly those that are as of now moving to pupate, can't be dealt with successfully with Bt. Some contact or ingestion pesticides chip away at eastern tent caterpillars too. On the off chance that you feel the pervasion is adequate to require this extraordinary a mediation, contact a vermin control master in your general vicinity to guarantee the wellbeing of pets and natural life.

4 Simple Steps to Deal With Stress and Anxiety

4 Simple Steps to Deal With Stress and Anxiety Do you wonder if you may worry too much? And how much anxiety is officially too much? To answer these questions, you may need to deepen your understanding of stress and anxiety, and how they help and hurt you. Why Worry? Stress and anxiety actually do have their functions if theyre not experienced in excess. They push us to make necessary changes in our lives. They signal when we may be in danger, and inspire us to take action to get ourselves out of danger. (This danger can be any type of threat to our physical or emotional well-being, from not doing well on a test to losing a job to losing a friend.) In this way, feelings of stress and anxiety are healthy and necessary; without them, we may not act in our own best interest. How Much Stress and Anxiety Is Too Much? The point at which worry and anxiety become unhealthy is when they immobilize us rather than inspire us to act. Whether were worried about things in the future, or so stressed and anxious we cant move forward, the stress takes a toll on our minds and bodies, and affects our health. Excessive or unmanaged anxiety can become unhealthy if it takes the form of an anxiety disorder, for example. Symptoms of Too Much Stress Dealing With Anxiety So now that you understand the nature of stress and anxiety a little better, we can focus on eliminating them. The best remedy for anxiety is self-examination and action. Here are some easy steps to follow: First, look inside. What is causing you to worry? Ask yourself this question and think carefully about your answer. Be specific. (For some situations, this may be readily apparent; other times, you may really have to think about it.) Writing in a journal or talking to a friend about it can help you sort out your feelings.Then, decide what action, if any, should be taken. Try to figure out what part of the situation is under your control. Assess the problem to see whether the threat is real, or if you are blowing it out of proportion. If the problem is just a hypothetical situation or a worst-case scenario, decide if it is really likely that your fears will actually come to fruition.Next, come up with a plan that tackles the part of the problem that is under your control. Taking action to protect yourself is a good way to channel nervous energy and provides reassurance against your fears. It is, in most cases, the healthiest response to realistic fears and worries. You may not be able to fix the entire problem, but even taking some steps toward improving your situation can significantly minimize your anxiety.Once you have done all you can, just let it go. Like everything in life, this is easier said than done, but with practice, you can get pretty adept at letting go of excessive levels of stress and anxiety. You can do this by focusing on something else, reminding yourself of the solutions you have worked on, or trying some stress management strategies that can help you feel more centered and at peace, such as prayer or meditation, journaling about your feelings, or listening to music. Getting regular exercise has been found to be especially helpful in combating the physical effects of anxiety and stress. If you still find yourself concerned on a constant basis, you may want to talk to someone about it, either a friend or a professional, depending on how severe your worry is and how much it is affecting your overall stress level. What Stress Management Techniques Are the Best for You?

Langston Hughes A Jazz Poet - 1045 Words

Langston Hughes (James Mercer Langston Hughes) was a poet, columnist, dramatist, essayist, lyricist, and novelist. He was one of the earliest innovators of the literary art form called jazz poetry. Hughes, like others, was active in the Harlem Renaissance, and he had a strong sense of racial pride. Through his poem, novels, short stories, plays, and kids books, he promoted equality, condemned racism, and injustice, and celebrated African American culture, and humor. (Illinois). Langston Hughes was the son of Carrie Mercer Langston and James Nathaniel Hughes. He was born February 1, 1902, in Joplin, Missouri. Langston Hughes grew up in a series of small Midwestern towns. Hughes’ father divorced Langston’s mother, Carrie. Then his†¦show more content†¦In the same year, he entered the Amy Spingarn Contest in Crisis magazine and won poetry and essay prizes. In 1926, he won first prize in the Witter Bynner Undergraduate Poetry Prize contest. His first piece of jazz poetry, â€Å"When She Wears Red†, was written in high school. (Poetry Volume 13). Langston Hughes was one of the most inspirational people of his time. He wrote stories for all the African Americans that were living through the struggle of racial discrimination. In the 1960’s Langston was known as the â€Å"dean of the Negro writers†. He wrote short stories and children’s books to give these people a sense of hope. Langston Hughes has as much impact on todays society as he did during the 1920’s. He continues to serve as a voice for the African Americans. Hughes was also a communist. Many Blacks in this time period were for communism. They looked at it as an alternative to slavery and racism. (Poetry Vol. 13). Some of Hughes’s major works were: â€Å"Mother to Son,† â€Å"The Ballad of the Landlord,† â€Å"I, Too,† â€Å"As I Grew Older,† â€Å"The Negro Mother,† and â€Å" The Negro speaks of riversâ₠¬ . His first published poem, â€Å"The Negro Speaks of Rivers†, was also one of his most famous, appearing in Brownies Book. Later, his poems, short plays, essays and short stories would appear in the NAACP publication, â€Å"Crisis Magazine†, in â€Å"Opportunity Magazine†, and others. Langston is not very welcomed among his people. He has received different reactions fromShow MoreRelatedEssay on Langston Hughes: Jazz Poet922 Words   |  4 PagesLangston Hughes Many poets are well recognized for their poems and live that they lived but, one poet is not all that well known. This poet had a rough live living in persecution just because of his skin color. The famous but forgotten Langston Hughes had an exciting career and very intense writings during the severe segregation era which he had lived in Langston Hughes traveled around the world, which made his very exciting career although, it started out slow, and once it got going it took offRead MoreThe Influences for Langston Hughes Successful Writing Career979 Words   |  4 Pagesthroughout our history. Langston Hughes was able to recognize that, â€Å"Man had the inability to bridge cultures† (Bloom 16). In one of his writings, Luani of the Jungles, Langston writes about the interactions in a relationship between a white man and a black woman, â€Å"that is not ruined by outside disapproval, but the man’s own obsession and oversimplification of their racial differences† (16). Hughes’s ability to speak openly about his ideas earned him the title of â€Å"the Poet of Laureate of Harlem† (BaileyRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance By Langston Hughes1033 Words   |  5 Pagesto around 1935. Even though this period was short, it still lives on though all African American artists today. According to Biography.com in the article about Langston Hughes, there were many artist, musicians, and writers such as Langston Hughes, who was a huge part of the Harlem Renaissance period. Langston Hughes was a well-known poet and play writer. In the magazine called â€Å"The Crisis† his poem â€Å"Negros Speak of River† was published in 1921 and brought him attention in all the black communitiesRead MoreEssay on James Langston Hughes891 Words   |  4 Pages (February 1, 1902 - May 22, 1967) Born in Joplin, Missouri, James Langston Hughes was born into an abolitionist family. He was the grandson of grandson of Charles Henry Langston, the brother of John Mercer Langston, who was the the first Black American to be elected to public office in 1855. Hughes attended Central High School in Cleveland, Ohio, but began writing poetry in the eighth grade, and was selected as Class Poet. His father didnt think he would be able to make a living as at writingRead MoreLangston Hughes The Weary Blues Analysis1256 Words   |  6 PagesOn Langston Hughes’s The Weary Blues Kevin Young, a graduate of Harvard University and one of the winners of the Guggenheim Fellowship, writes the historical perspective of Langston Hughes. He discusses the flowering of the African American literature and culture and how it is actually just the extension of the New Negro movement. From the Harlem Renaissance, Langston Hughes is able to represent â€Å"different things† for â€Å"different men.† The uprising of Hughes’s poems are the result of their hardshipsRead MoreLangston Hughes : Jazz Poetry And Harlem Renaissance1212 Words   |  5 PagesLangston Hughes Jazz Poetry and Harlem Renaissance Langston Hughes was an African American poet who was born on 01 February 1902 in Joplin, Missouri. His parents separated and later divorced during his childhood. Subsequently he was raised predominantly by his maternal grandmother. His grandparents were politically active and supporters of the abolition of slavery. They were activists in the movement for voting rights for African Americans. Through their active involvement in his upbringingRead MoreReoccurring Themes in the Work of Langston Hughes Essay1649 Words   |  7 PagesLangston Hughes is an extremely successful and well known black writer who emerged from the Harlem Renaissance (â€Å"Langston Hughes† 792). He is recognized for his poetry and like many other writers from the Harlem Renaissance, lived most of his life outside of Harlem (â€Å"Langston Hughes† 792). His personal experiences and opinions inspire his writing intricately. Unlike other writers of his time, Hughes expresses his discontent with bl ack oppression and focuses on the hardships of his people. Hughes’Read MoreEssay on Langston Hughes? Influence on American Literature1422 Words   |  6 Pages Langston Hughes was one of the great writers of his time. He was named the â€Å"most renowned African American poet of the 20th century† (McLaren). Through his writing he made many contributions to following generations by writing about African American issues in creative ways including the use of blues and jazz. Langston Hughes captured the scene of Harlem life in the early 20th century significantly influencing American Literature. He once explained that his writing was an attempt to â€Å"explain andRead More Langston Hughes Essay670 Words   |  3 Pages James Langston Hughes was born February 1, 1902, in Joplin, Missouri. His parents divorced when he was very small, and his father (who found American racism made his desires to be a lawyer impossible) left the family and emigrated to Mexico. Hughes moth er moved with her child to Lawrence, Kansas, so she and he could live with his grandmother, Mary Langston. Langston Hughes mother moved to Topeka in 1907, leaving the five-year-old with his grandmother. Langston came from a family of African-AmericanRead MoreEssay on Langston Hughes a Harlem Renaissance Man1463 Words   |  6 Pagesknown as Harlem matured into the hideaway of jazz and the blues where the African American artist emerged calling themselves the â€Å"New Negro.† The New Negro was the cornerstone for an era known today as the Harlem Renaissance (Barksdale 23). The Harlem Renaissance warranted the expression of the double consciousness of the African Americans, which was exposed by artists such as Langston Hughes. James Mercer Langston Hughes was an African American poet, journalist, playwright, and novelist whose works

Exploring Online Communities Essay - 1505 Words

Exploring Online Communities First language, then print, and now telecommunications allow us to link thoughts and form communities, or groups based on common interests or common localities. However, in the not so distant past of the pre-virtual reality and pre-telecommunications age, community was the place where people lived, worked or played. For most of human recorded history, community was close to home and place dependent. Nowadays, cyberspace exists and permeates the real world in which we live. Increasingly more humans belong to multiple communities, some of them transcending the limitations of location, time and space. As a result, new kinds of communities have emerged. Cyber communities have expanded the parameters of†¦show more content†¦In an educational setting like a classroom, as distinguished from other groups who may casually connect on the Internet, cyber communities bring together people with similar interests, objectives, and at times backgrounds. Thinking together and jointly creating knowledge and understanding is one of the goals of building an educational community. This interactivity between classmates may cultivate a communal mind, or community network, derived from mutual awareness and reciprocal benefits. Since the medium of computer-mediated communication (CMC) is in its infancy, one of my aims during this course is to explore and reflect upon how to build effective educational cyber communities for both distance education and as a supplement to F2F language classroom instruction. As a believer in the social construction of knowledge, in the active role learners should play in their studies and in the role of the human mind as the most important component of any course, this first position paper deals with some general principles of humanizing computer mediated environment and the importance of developing a sense of learners’ community. Social constructionists tend to assume that learning occurs among persons rather than between persons and things and that â€Å"knowledge is contextual and relative† (Bruffee, 1985, p. 45). Many pedagogical scholars have advocated that students learn best in an environmentShow MoreRelated Internet - Exploring Our Inner-self in Cyberspace Essay1556 Words   |  7 PagesExploring Our Inner-self in Cyberspace Cyberspace is a new communication medium which enables us to understand our social behavior. In the ‘real world’ and ‘virtual world,’ we understand ourselves by developing aspects of our identity. However, in the virtual world, we can explore our inner-self without rejection that may be experienced in the real world. Cyberspace is, thus, a psychological ‘space’ to build and form, explore and discover, and accept and understand ourselves. To explain thisRead MoreHow Online Brand Communication And Customer Engagement Influence A Consumer s Decision Purchase872 Words   |  4 PagesResearch Question: â€Å"How online brand communication and customer engagement influence a consumer’s decision purchase.† The marketing strategy of branding is not a new concept. A company’s brand is not a logo, or a tag line, but rather the relationship it has with its customer base, it is in essence not how a company defines itself – but how the public defines it. With every interaction and every customer touch point a business shapes its brand identity, and participants in this exchange are knownRead More Personal Identity and the Internet Essay1435 Words   |  6 Pagestechnology allows people to broaden their horizons, exploring different cultures and learning new information. In addition to learning about others, the Internet provides people with a means of learning about themselves. Online, they can assume different identities, exploring multiple facets of their personalities. In the words of Justin Lewis, a student at the Ohio State University who frequently chats online in multi-user domains, â€Å"When you are online, you are who you pretend to be.† This brings upRead Mor eSocial Media And Its Effect On Our Audience1365 Words   |  6 Pagesthat Greenpeace is able to interact directly and globally with their audiences regardless the time and place. Through social media, written and verbal communication with mass audience is made possible through social media posts such as blogs, online community, comments and videos. On Facebook, audiences are actively engaged in conversations with Greenpeace through comments on Greenpeace’s posts. On the other hand, while social media offered various features for organisations to interact with theirRead MoreCommunispace794 Words   |  4 Pagesbrand-focused online communities in order to enable members to communicate with each other and generate focus groups to discuss the product. A community is built as a long-term project; it continues to produce valuable information for companies over the course of its existence. The business model utilized by Communispace helps to provide facilitation and management powered by technology and innovation. Communispace differentiates itself by focusing on the strategy of building online communities thatRead MoreA Brave New World For International News1419 Words   |  6 PagesJOUR2221 ASSESSMENT ITEM 2 CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ON FOREIGN NEWS: Article 1 A brave new world for international news?: Exploring the determinants of the coverage of foreign nations on US Websites. H. Denis Wu. Introduction: With the introduction of the internet news consumption and peoples news consumption has changed significantly, as well as the way in which news organizations provide content to the public. The author of this study seeks to investigate the consumption methods of individualsRead MoreExploring Loss Of Culture And The Social And Political Outcomes Based On Inequality And Mistreatment920 Words   |  4 Pageshow being taken from your ancestral land, and removed from your community would create a disconnectedness with â€Å"White Australia† and that Aboriginal Australians are still affected by past experiences today (Price Rose, 2012). Main teaching activities Students will be exploring an inquiry question throughout the unit of â€Å"How did connectedness get broken?† (Education Australia, 2013). Within this inquiry unit students are exploring loss of culture and the social and political outcomes based on inequalityRead MoreEssay1381 Words   |  6 Pagesoffers an in-depth analysis of different examples of users posting certain things online, their interactions being recorded, and discussing why these choices were made, specifically for languages chosen. In particular individual who were multilingual were examined and often their motives and choices for choosing certain content over others to post. I think this research will be useful in my paper because the reach of online gaming spans the globe, and is not restricted to any one area usually. The ideaRead MoreVideo Games, Social, And Social And Emotional Wellbeing Of Adolescents978 Words   |  4 Pagesinteractive social media of some sort. 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According to Daniel Chandler, author of â€Å"Identities under Construction†, and Danah Boyd, an American researcher known for her works on social network sites, online tools such

The Handmaids Tale Free Essays

Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale takes place in a post Cold War society plagued by infertility. Atwood presents the reader with â€Å"The Republic of Gilead†, the Christian theocracy that overthrew the United States government. Narrated by a woman renamed Offred, the reader gets an idea of a future in which women are no longer women, but are solely needed for reproduction. We will write a custom essay sample on The Handmaids Tale or any similar topic only for you Order Now Atwood uses a system of vocabulary established under the Republic of Gilead in order to manipulate and dehumanize women and men throughout the text. Under this new society women are efined under their gender roles. No longer are women allowed to hold Jobs, make an income, or have control over their body. Men on the other hand are referred to by their military rank. Women are then placed into the group in which the Republic of Gilead finds fitting. Some sent off to reproduce children, others to work and wait for a slow cruel death. Offred is what the Republic of Gilead labels a handmaid. A handmaid’s sole purpose is to produce a child for elite families of the Republic. Handmaids are stripped from their own clothes and are forced to wear all red. A floor length dress that gives the handmaid no shape, red shoes, and red gloves. The color red is extremely symbolic towards their position in society. The red clothing could be interpreted in a multitude of ways. Red is the color of a women’s menstrual blood. Therefore the wearing of red deems the handmaids one of the few fertile women among society. However, in history red has been a marker of sexual sin. The handmaids are essentially having sex with married men. All handmaids are immediately stripped of their birth name and put under possession of the commander. Offred receives this name because her commander’s name is Fred, and she is â€Å"of† Fred. This is the Republic of Gilead’s way of literally dehumanizing and stripping the handmaid’s from any personalization. I looked up the definition of the word â€Å"handmaiden†, and it is defined as such, â€Å"A handmaiden is a personal maid, female servant, or a subordinate thing†. Under this new society, these women who are able to produce life, are literally referred to as â€Å"things† and â€Å"possessions†. In the beginning of this new society handmaidens arrive at a place called â€Å"the red center†. It is here they learn to be trained by what the Republic of Gilead labels â€Å"Aunts†. Aunts attempt to promote the handmaid’s as an honorable Job and position in society. The term â€Å"aunt† is appropriately used and applied by Atwood throughout the novel. Their Job is to train, reform and advise handmaids in order to prepare them for their new life. One activity the aunt’s used in attempt to brainwash and manipulate the handmaid’s was â€Å"testifying†. It was during this time handmaid’s told their apparent â€Å"faults† from their previous lives and was then taunted for it. Offred tells one handmaid’s story from â€Å"testifying as such, â€Å"It’s Janine, telling about how she was gang-raped at fourteen and had an abortion†. The other handmaids chant in unison claiming it is â€Å"her fault, her fault, her fault†. Offred explains how during the last time Janine told the story she burst into tears. However, during this weeks testifying she immediately takes responsibility tor being raped claiming, â€Å"It was my tault It was my own fault, I led them on†. The aunt’s have completed their Job by manipulating the handmaids into believing that a rape was wanted. Upon entering a commander’s home there are no longer aunts, but â€Å"Marthas†. The Handmaid’s Tale is laced with biblical references throughout the entire novel. Atwood’s use of the name â€Å"Martha† comes directly from a story in Luke 10:38-42 in which Jesus goes to visit his mother Mary and Martha. While Mary sits and listens to Jesus speak, Martha is too busy with all of the duties she had to accomplish. This is exactly what the Martha’s are seen doing while working in the commander’s home. The Marthas, Cora and Rita, are to fulfill all domestic roles in the house, exactly like Martha had done in the bible. While Marthas take care of the house, the commander’s wives are not expected to do the same. Wives are superior to all women, and it is made clear to Offred right away. However, while living in the commander’s home it is apparent that even though the handmaidens are forced into a situation unwanted, so have the wives. Wives are to lay with the handmaiden while the commander has sex with the handmaiden. Labeled as, â€Å"the ceremony’, this event is emotionally scarring towards both females in the situation. After one of the ceremonies Offred even wonders, Which of us is it worse for, her or me†. The act of the â€Å"ceremony’ directly shows how the Republic of Gilead has dehumanized both low ranking and high-ranking women. Sex is no longer performed for love and passion, but only to produce a child. On one hand, Offred has no say over her body and what is happening to her. Offred even states, â€Å"It’s only the inside of our bodies that is important. The outside can become hard and wrinkled for all they care†. On the other hand, the commander’s wife, Serena Joy, has to lie there while her husband has sex with another woman. While dealing with those struggles seem unfair and unjust, other women are worse off. Deformed babies, sterile women and former feminists are not even given a chance in this society. Denoted with the labels of â€Å"unwomen† and â€Å"unbabies†, they are sent to â€Å"the colonies†. The colonies are places in which agriculture is produced and also a place of deadly radiation and pollution. The Republic of Gilead immediately sends them there because they have no use for them in their supreme society. The Republic of Gilead does not only oppress women, but men too. Offred’s ormer friend Moira explained to her in detail the colonies, â€Å"All of them wear long dresses like the ones at the Center, only gray. Women and the men too, Judging from the group shots. I guess it’s supposed to demoralize the men having to wear a dress†. Under this society, if you do not fit their standards, you are deemed unnecessary. Atwood also uses certain vocabulary to define certain religious rituals that take place throughout the novel. â€Å"Praywaganzas,† â€Å"Salvagings,† and â€Å"Particicutions† are a few of the rituals used to manipulate handmaidens into practicing the societies beliefs. How to cite The Handmaids Tale, Papers

Core Values-Nestle Essay Example

Core Values-Nestle Paper Core Values and Intercultural Management Sep 29,2007 00:00 by admin Core Values and Intercultural Management Case Study: Nestle In 2001, Nestle was the largest and most diversified food company in the world, with nearly 500 factories in more than 100 countries. In fact, over the period 1867–2000 it surpassed other food manufacturers and purchasers of agricultural raw materials in scale of operations. Over 230,000 people worldwide work in Nestles factories, research laboratories and offices. In 1999 Nestle generated a total income of 4,007 million Swiss francs. This case study is based on a series of interviews with prominent Nestle managers engaged in strengthening Nestles core values. Niels Christiansen, Vice President, Public Affairs of Nestle SA, explains that even though 98 per cent of Nestle operations are outside Switzerland, the company still originated in Switzerland. The corporate headquarters is located in Switzerland. Hence some Swiss cultural values are an integral part of Nestle core values. Many Swiss values are embedded in the Nestle General Management and Leadership Principles and the Nestle Corporate Business Principles. These Principles reflect not only Nestles basic corporate values, but some of the Swissness of the company as well. What has been described as the Swissness of the company refers to the pragmatic and resultsoriented nature of the Principles. The Nestle General Management and Leadership Principles are presented in our case study on communications and intercultural management (see Chapter 2). The box on page 87 reproduces the Nestle Corporate Business Principles. NESTLE CORPORATE BUSINESS PRINCIPLES Nestle is committed to the following business principles in all countries taking into account local legislation, culture and religious practice: We will write a custom essay sample on Core Values-Nestle specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Core Values-Nestle specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Core Values-Nestle specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Nestles business objective, and that of management and employees at all levels, is to manufacture and market the companys products in such a way as to create value that can be sustained over the long term for customers, shareholders, employees, business partners and the large number of national economies in which Nestle operates. Nestle does not favour short-term profit at the expense of successful long-term business development, but recognizes the need to generate profit each year in order to maintain the support of the financial markets, and to finance investments. Nestle believes that, as a general rule, legislation is the most effective safeguard of ethical conduct, although in certain areas, additional guidance to management and employees, in the form of voluntary business principles, is beneficial in order to ensure that the highest standards are met throughout the organization. Nestle is conscious of the fact that the success of a corporation is a reflection of the professionalism, conduct and ethical values of its management and employees, therefore recruitment of the right people and ongoing training and development are crucial. Nestle recognizes that consumers have a legitimate interest in the company behind the Nestle brands, and the way in which the Nestle company operates. Although core values can be propagated across a multicultural corporation in a variety of ways, Nestle adopts certain approaches that are characteristic of it. These approaches have been used consistently and for a considerable length of time, even though the companys various Principles have been written down only recently. One important approach is careful and meticulous selection of personnel. This approach has been enshrined in the Nestle Corporate Business Principles. Potential employees are assessed as to whether they possess the attributes that would enable them to fit into the Nestle way of life. An assessment is also made of whether they can achieve complete integration into Nestle culture over time. Nestles selection process has been so effective that most of its employees have pursued a lifetime career, spanning at least 30 years with the company. This lifetime association with Nestle enables employees to completely imbibe and operationalize the Nestle core values. Additionally, new recruits are given extensive coaching as well as training, to ensure that they fully understand Nestles core values. Both the Nestle Management and Leadership Principles document and the Nestle Corporate Business Principles document contain personal messages from the CEO. The CEO, as well as all senior managers, make it clear that they expect all employees to subscribe to and implement the company core values. Of course, members of the top management echelon also live the core values themselves so that they serve as role models. Nestle uses extensively another means to propagate its core values: its international management cadre. Members of this cadre go from country to country working as managers in different Nestle branches. These international management cadre managers ensure that the Nestle core values are institutionalized at all Nestle locations. They occupy a significant proportion of the key positions at all Nestle branches, and can therefore exert a tremendous amount of influence. All managers of Nestle, irrespective of ethnic origin or geographic location, are part of the Nestle culture and share the same core values. Additionally, by rotation, they spend some time at the Nestle headquarters in Vevey, Switzerland. During the initial stages of their career, Nestle employees (from all over the world) attend residential training programmes at Vevey, which are of approximately one months duration. These programmes reinforce the core values which Nestle employees have already assimilated. They also make Nestle employees realize that regardless of where they are from, they all share these core values. Although Nestles core values are the glue that holds together all its managers distributed across more than 100 countries, the company is also sensitive to local cultures. Brabeck, CEO of Nestle, has remarked, Since Nestles activities in Switzerland, its country of origin, account for less than 2 per cent of its global turnover, Nestle learned very early to respect the social, political and cultural traditions of all countries in which the products are produced and sold, and to be a highly decentralized people and products oriented company rather than a systems oriented company. The interesting question that presents itself is, how does Nestle manage the dialectic between having well-entrenched core values, and respecting national cultures? Vietnam is a country in which Nestle has established a branch only recently (in 1996). It is a challenging country in which to start operations. In the first instance, it is a communist country with a state controlled market. Additionally, the cultural ethos and ambience of Vietnam are quite unique. When Nestle started its branch in Vietnam, it had to embed and institutionalize its core values there from scratch. Nestles initial step was to translate the two documents, Nestle Management and Leadership Principles, and Nestle Corporate Business Principles, into Vietnamese. During translation, it was found that some concepts could not be translated literally. Literal translations would lead to some loss of intended meaning. Hence, some of the concepts were elucidated using Vietnamese metaphors and symbols. For example, recourse was made to the metaphor of the family. The sort of relationship that Nestle expects from employees was compared to the sort of relationship that exists between family members. The importance of teamwork and team spirit was likewise advocated by reference to family values. Thus, a document was created especially for Nestle Vietnam that encapsulated the Nestle core values in the local idiom. This document is given to every employee who joins the branch. Before employees can join Nestle Vietnam, they have to satisfy the recruitment criteria. This includes whether the prospective employees can understand and appreciate the core values of Nestle, and align themselves with these core values. Individuals who will be unable to operationalize Nestle core values, because of either their background or their personality, are screened out. The background of a prospective employee is thoroughly checked. This is to ascertain what kinds of influence have conditioned him or her. At Nestle branches that have been in existence for some time, considerable autonomy is given to line managers in the matter of recruitment. In start-up branches like Nestle Vietnam, however, the HR department and top management are very closely involved in the recruitment process. They admit into their fold only those individuals who can subscribe to Nestle core values. Nestle believes that if employees are deficient in technical skills, but have the appropriate attitudes and values, they can be trained and learn those skills. On the other hand, values are more difficult to change. If prospective employees have attitudes incompatible with Nestles core values, then no amount of coaching can successfully bring them in line with Nestles expectations. One of the core values of Nestle is that its employees should have intercultural competencies and be able to interact effectively with people from all over the world. Hence, as part of the recruitment process at Nestle Vietnam, prospective employees attitudes to foreigners are assessed. Also assessed is how they view people from other parts of Vietnam. Preference is given to prospective employees who are tolerant and liberal thinking, and have experience of associating with people from diverse backgrounds. Sometimes it transpires that prospective employees would not like to work with foreigners from other parts of Asia, such as Malaysians, Japanese or Taiwanese. They do not mind working with Europeans, however. In such cases, Nestle Vietnam tries to ascertain whether the prejudice emanates from ignorance or from a deep-rooted emotion. If it is the former, training and coaching can eradicate the prejudice, as can first-hand experience of working with Malaysian, Japanese or Taiwanese managers. This is particularly true of young recruits who are perceived as being malleable. They are very receptive to being guided by a coach or mentor, much more so than in the case of their European counterparts. Thien Luong Van My, currently Issues Manager Public Affairs at Nestle headquarters in Vevey, Switzerland, and Country Head of Nestle Vietnam for the period 1996–2000, comments: They really enjoy this coaching like from an elder brother to a younger brother or sister. They really like to be guided not only about how they should work, but about how they should behave as well. And we pay a lot of importance to our newly joined recruits patterns of interaction. We observe them closely. And the elder brother recommends to his younger sibling how he can improve himself. This system appears to be working for us. We started in 1996 with three employees. I had a driver and a secretary. Today, there are 300 employees with Nestle Vietnam, all of whom are committed to Nestles core values. The core value of team spirit had to be nurtured with special effort at Nestle Vietnam in its early years. It is the experience of Nestle Vietnam that the Vietnamese are a fairly individualistic people. They may be loyal to a small group of people who are usually family members. Nestle Vietnam was in its crucial initial six years when headed by Thien, who is Vietnamese and grew up there. He therefore positioned himself as the patriarch of the company, somebody who could be considered an uncle or elder brother. He then capitalized on his position to encourage team spirit. He also ensured that team spirit was propagated in a manner appropriate to the Vietnamese culture. For instance, a practice integral to Vietnamese culture is showing respect and deference to elders. At Nestle Vietnam, a few units are headed by individuals who are younger than a few of their subordinates. A careful watch is kept on these individuals, to ascertain whether they treat those subordinates who are older than them with respect and regard. Nestle Vietnam has tried to design approaches for institutionalizing the Principles that comprise the Nestle core values. For example, consider the Nestle Corporate Business Principle regarding protection of the environment: Nestle integrates environmental policies, programs, and practices into each business as an element of management in all its functions, develops, designs and operates facilities and conducts its activities taking into consideration the efficient use of energy and materials, the sustainable use of renewable resources, the minimization of adverse environmental impact and waste generation, and the safe and responsible disposal of residual wastes, applies Nestle internal standards suitable to local conditions in those regions where specific environmental legislation is not yet in place, improves environmental protection relevant to its activities on a continuous basis, provides appropriate information, communication and training to build internal and external understanding about its environmental commitment and action. Nestle Vietnam has had to work very hard to inculcate the value of conducting business in an environmentally sound manner amongst its employees. Many of the non-management staff come from rustic backgrounds with no higher education. Hence, courses are organized regularly so that these staff members can be educated on how to conduct themselves in an environmentally friendly fashion. When any staff members deviate from the Nestle standards for hygiene and environmental protection, their lapse is pointed out to them. Newly joined staff members have to be told that trash should not be littered anywhere, but should be put into garbage bins. On one occasion, a newly joined member of the cleaning staff was asked to clean the warehouse adjacent to a Nestle factory. He was asked to do this on a Sunday when there were no senior managers at the factory site. While cleaning, he threw some discarded paints and oil into the drainage system. It was entirely a spontaneous act. Fortunately, a manager came to know about this occurrence the following day, and the drainage system was stopped before it discharged its contents into a river flowing nearby. If the paints and oil had found their way into the river, a major catastrophe would have resulted. After this incident, Nestle Vietnam provided even more stringent instructions about hygiene and environment protection to its entire staff. Another core value that had to be addressed explicitly by Nestle Vietnam was one termed Conflict of Interest in the Nestle Corporate Business Principles document. This core value stated that Nestle requires its management and employees to avoid personal activities and financial interests that could conflict, or appear to conflict, with their jobs. In Vietnam, it is customary for people to hold more than one job. They might work for half a day at a primary job, and then be employed elsewhere, in a job that is in some way competitive with the primary job. Nestle Vietnam has had to adopt a firm stance here. Thien and the other expatriate Nestle employees who set up Nestle Vietnam were succeeded by Vietnamese managers in early 2001. This has contributed to institutionalizing the Nestle core values at the branch. It also signifies that the branch has assimilated the Nestle core values. In fact, the job success of Thien and his expatriate colleagues is being evaluated in terms of the performance of their successors. Inferences Fostering of uniform core values in a global corporation is a key to successful intercultural management The challenge of intercultural management for organizations lies in the appropriate juxtaposition of corporate culture and ethnic cultures. This is the challenge that Nestle, with its many, many branches located all around the globe, had to grapple with constantly. Ultimately, however, corporate culture transcends ethnic culture. In other words, corporate culture, which is governed by the organizations core values, is superordinate to other cultures such as ethnic culture. This has been the mode of functioning of all the organizations profiled in this book: Nestle, Credit Suisse, BMW, International Committee of the Red Cross, IBM, ICAS and so on. These companies have not specifically articulated that this is their mode of functioning. It may not even be recognized as a conscious strategy by the top management echelons. Certainly, the key players in the individual companies are not aware that this is a mode of functioning shared by high-performance transnational organizations. Nonetheless, we record in this book that this is the case. The core values of an organization determine the nature of its corporate culture. The corporate culture can influence the mind-sets of its employees, which in turn will have been shaped by a wide variety of factors. For individual employees, one of these factors is definitely their ethnic culture. When an organization has branches in different locations and cultures, it is inevitable that those branches are affected by local cultures in more ways than one. In the first instance, the products and services offered by the organization must find a resonance in the local culture. Otherwise there would be no market for those products and services. Thus, Nestle offers many food products that are culture-specific in that they reflect the food preferences of the local consumers. One of Nestles food products is Maggi instant noodles. These noodles are available in a wide variety of cultures, and offer a feature that is appreciated in all these cultures they can be prepared in a matter of minutes. However, the noodles are concocted differently in different cultures. In Switzerland, for instance, the noodles are sold with a cheese garnish. In India, Maggi masala noodles are a runaway success. Maggi masala noodles have a pungent, spicy flavour, which might not find favour in Switzerland. Likewise, Maggi noodles as sold in Switzerland would be too bland for the average Indian. Local cultures can impact on organizations in more complex ways, however. They can influence (though not determine) corporate culture. This happens when a significant number of employees of an organization hail from a specific ethnic culture. The corporate culture of Nestle has a certain Swissness about it, as observed by Hans Johr, Assistant Vice-President at Nestle headquarters. This is to be expected, since Nestle originated in Switzerland, and is headquartered in that country. However, the fact that Vietnamese personnel staff Nestle Vietnam signifies that elements of Vietnamese culture that are venerable are incorporated into Nestle Vietnam. This enables the Vietnamese workforce to be productive and happy. For instance, the notion of projecting the CEO of Nestle Vietnam as a father figure, who can then engage in team building by encouraging employees to think of each other as siblings, was an approach that reflected Vietnamese culture. This is a case where the dialectic between corporate culture and ethnic culture has been managed successfully. This in fact is an objective of intercultural management: to harmonize the juxtaposition of corporate cultures and ethnic cultures. However, there may be individual employees whose cultural backgrounds give rise to values that conflict with the core values of an organization. The resulting dissonance can be resolved satisfactorily by the employees either leaving the organization, or modifying their values. In other words, the core values of an organization are superordinate. The International Committee of the Red Cross faces the dilemma of dealing continuously with conflicts between corporate culture and ethnic culture. For example, in Afghanistan they are determined not to uphold conventional local attitudes to the treatment of women. If this entails having to enact a more diminished role in Afghanistan, then so be it. The dialectic between corporate culture and ethnic culture has been described by Nestle as follows: The Companys business practices are designed to promote a sense of identification among all employees all over the world, and apply a number of common rules, while at the same time adapting the expression of these rules to local customs and traditions (Nestle Corporate Business Principles). This of course is easier said than done. However, it must be emphasized that high-performance companies have strong cultures with well-defined core values. These core values are capable of adaptation to local customs, traditions and cultures. They cannot be supplanted by the values of other cultures.